As the image was drawn from a fixed position, the result was frozen, like a snapshot, but the Cubists wanted to make pictures that reached beyond the rigid geometry of perspective. The fact that a picture drawn in perspective could only work from one viewpoint restricted their options. The Cubists saw the limitations of perspective as an obstacle to progress. Picasso and Braque developed their ideas on Cubism around 1907 in Paris and their starting point was a common interest in the later paintings of Paul Cézanne. This new way of seeing was called Cubism - the first abstract style of modern art. Artists needed a more radical approach - a 'new way of seeing' that expanded the possibilities of art in the same way that technology was extending the boundaries of communication and travel. Photography had begun to replace painting as the tool for documenting the age and for artists to sit illustrating cars, planes and images of the new technologies was not exactly rising to the challenge.
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The problem for artists at this time was how to reflect the modernity of the era using the tired and trusted traditions that had served art for the last four centuries. During this period, inventions such as photography, cinematography, sound recording, the telephone, the automobile and the airplane heralded the dawn of a new age. In the four decades from 1870-1910, western society witnessed more technological progress than in the previous four centuries. Their aim was to develop a new way of seeing which reflected the modern age. The Cubists challenged conventional forms of representation, such as perspective, which had been the rule since the Italian Renaissance.
Cubism was an attempt by artists to revitalise the tired traditions of Western art which they believed had run their course. It was the first style of abstract art which evolved at the beginning of the 20th century in response to a world that was changing with unprecedented speed.
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Designers such as Gareth Pugh are also known for their experimentation with Cubism in fashion, with his 2008 Autumn/Winter collection full of geometric and abstract shapes and patterns or the greatest Viktor & Rolf as in theirs Autumn-Winter 2011/12 collection above.Cubism was a truly revolutionary style of modern art developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braques. Forty years on in the1960’s, designers such as Mary Quant who is best known for her hot pants and mini-skirts was heavily influenced by the cuts and shapes of Cubist paintings, and especially favoured the work of Picasso when engineering her designs. With Cubism in art growing in popularity, its influence on fashion rapidly progressed in the 1920’s with the introduction of geometric prints and muted colours, reflecting the images of cubist paintings. This painting is considered to be a major step towards the founding of the Cubist movement, however it is considered as antecedent of the Cubist period and is defined as Protocubism as it marks the beginning of Picasso’s new style of art, after being influenced by the introduction of African and Greek art. Perhaps one of the most iconic art works of Cubism is Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907, portraying four naked women painted next to each other, however each woman is turned in a different position to the others, and their bodies are painted in pieces. All of these artists are known best for their Cubist works and created art which depicted ordinary objects broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form. This aim reflects the ideologies of the beginning of the twentieth century, with many different views on religion and science forming and the introduction of different cultures into society with importing and exporting from other countries growing rapidly.įamous Cubists include Paul Cézanne, Georges Braque, Juan Gris, Jean Metzinger and Robert Delaunay.
The Cubist aim is to represent the subject from multiple viewpoints creating more than one perspective. Its founder Pablo Picasso is one of the world’s best known artists of the twentieth century, with his work still being studied and sold to this day. Cubism is coined as the first and most influential abstract art movement of the twentieth century which began in 1907 and developed through to the First World War.
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